Eleazar, a Jewish scribe martyred in the second century b.c., "welcomed death with honor" and "went to the rack of his own accord" (2 Macc. 6:19). The Roman philosopher Seneca, in the moments leading up to his suicide, was unmoved, showing no signs of fear or sadness (Tacitus, Annals XV.61-2). St. Peter was so bold as to insist he be crucified upside down. The early Christian bishop Polycarp received his death sentence with a courage and joy that amazed his executioner (Eusebius, Church History IV.25). To say Jesus' soul is "overwhelmed to the point of death" because he fears being crucified is to regard him as of weaker stuff than these others.No, Jesus' agony is over something other than the prospect of physical suffering and death. We learn what that is from the words he prays. His prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, in fact, gives us the full meaning of what he is about to do. And the Father's answer, in turn, reveals that the world could be saved in no other way. (Christ's Impossible Prayer In Gethsemane)
McGuire goes on to write the reason Jesus asked for the cup to be taken away in Gethsemane is because Jesus bore that wrath of God and was damned in our place. This is language McCall would be very uncomfortable with, even those the Bible tells me so: "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us - for it is written, 'Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree'". (Galatians 3:13). Faithful theologians throughout church history have used the language "curse" or "damnation" to describe what Jesus suffered in our place on that cross. See: Is It Biblical To Say Jesus Was Damned By God On The Cross?
The Person of Jesus was created and born according to His human nature. But the Person of Jesus was not created and born according to His divine nature because God cannot be created or born but exists eternally. (The "according to" language comes from Scripture: Romans 1:3: ". . . concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh . . . .")The Person of Jesus got tired, hungry, and slept according to His human nature. But the Person of Jesus did not get tired, hungry, or sleep according to His divine nature because God cannot get tired, be hungry, or sleep.The Person of Jesus died on the cross according to His human nature. But the Person of Jesus did not die on the cross according to His divine nature because God cannot die.In a similar way, because our sins were imputed to the Person of Jesus, God the Father forsook, was angry with, and damned the Person of Jesus on the cross according to His human nature. But God the Father did not forsake, get angry with, or damn the Person of Jesus according to His divine nature because it is impossible for conflict (forsakenness, anger, damnation) to exist in the intratrinitarian relationship between the Father and the Son. It's also true that the Father was not angry with the Person of Jesus according to His human nature as the perfectly obedient last Adam. Jesus achieved His perfect obedience to the will of God (God's law) as the last Adam according to His human nature, not His divine nature, and so in this respect, Jesus, according to His human nature, was also well pleasing to the Father. But, because our sins were imputed to Christ, it really was God the Son (the Person of Jesus Christ) Who, according to His human nature, experienced the true relational reality of God-forsakenness, the anger of God, and damnation. But it was not the human nature which suffered, but the Person according to this nature. "And since the Person is infinite, all that Christ suffered was of infinite efficacy and value." (Wilhelmus à Brakel). Jesus did all of this so that we will never face those judgments. Hallelujah! What a Savior!
So, as the Heidelberg Catechism states:
Why must He [Jesus] also be true God? So that, by the power of His divinity, He might bear the weight of God’s anger in His humanity and earn for us and restore to us righteousness and life.
It is always important to remember that the Person Christ Jesus suffered, not merely a nature. Petrus Van Mastricht is helpful on this point:
He suffered not only as man, nor only as God, but simultaneously as God and man.
XI. All these things the Mediator endured, whether in body or in soul, neither only as man, nor only as God, but as the God-man, simultaneously as God and man, just as, according to the nature of the theandric effects, each nature bestowed its own part to Christ's sufferings: while the human nature alone sustained and suffered them (since passive potency does not occur in the divine nature, Mal. 3:6; James 1:17; and much less death, because the divine nature is incorruptible, Rom. 1:23; 1 Tim. 1:17; 6:16), the divine nature furnished to his sufferings an infinite weight, value, and price, so that they were God's sufferings (Acts 20:28), and the blood of the Son of God (1 John 1:7), suited to cleanse us from all sin. (Theoretical-Practical Theology, Redemption in Christ, Vol. 4, 2023, page 415).
Scott Christensen gives a very helpful summary of how the sufferings of Jesus on the cross are in complete harmony with sound, Trinitarian theology:
I do my best to explain this mystery in my book What About Evil? (pp. 384-95) without flattening out the text of Ps. 22:1 and Jesus’ cry of dereliction in Matt. 27:46. There is no rupture in Trinitarian relations—that is, in the shared ontological divine essence between Father and Son. Nonetheless, the Son possesses two distinct but conjoined natures in his one person—a divine nature and a human nature. The person of the Son bore the wrath of the Father, but only in and through his human nature. He experienced the God-forsakenness of the Father ONLY in and through his human nature, and only temporarily until the work of bearing the divine wrath was complete (tetelestai). At that point, the Father’s demands for justice against the sin of the elect was satisfied (propitiated). This is why Isaiah 53:10 can say, “Yahweh was pleased to crush” the Son, “putting Him to grief; if He would render Himself as a guilt offering.” It was the Son through His human nature that suffered and died. The divine nature is impassible, meaning it cannot suffer and die. Thus, there is no rupture in the Trinitarian relations, though there is a brief rupture between the Father as his wrath is born by the human nature of the Son. There are some tricky details I’m leaving out, but I think this is the best way to explain the mystery without getting into all the details of Trinitarian and Christological orthodoxy.
Dr. Tom Brand is also helpful:
At the cry of dereliction, God the Son is truly forsaken. And that forsakenness is in and according to His human nature. (See his article too: Did The Father Really Forsake The Son?)
Or, as he states in his book:
The main argument in this book is that God the Son incarnate was truly forsaken by the Father but that the forsakenness was limited to (I will use the phrase ‘in and according to’) Christ’s human nature. As will become clear . . . this argument depends on the principle that the experiences of a person are limited to that person’s nature. To borrow a lively illustration from Scottish Common-Sense Realism, imagine that I kick a rock. The experience of the event, including the pain, would be limited to (again, ‘in and according to’) my human nature, my body, my pain receptors. It is truly my experience, and it is meaningless to speak of my experience apart from my nature because I could not kick the rock without the associated corporeal experience. If persons experience in natures, and if relations between persons—like forsaking—are experiences, then persons experience and relate according to natures. Therefore, it can be said that the Son was truly forsaken by the Father, without denying either divine impassibility, the doctrine that God cannot suffer or the unity of the works of the Triune God. The phrase ‘intimately forsaken,’ that I will employ in the tower and foundations chapter, captures much of the richness, mystery and depth of the cry of dereliction, as understood in this work. (Intimately Forsaken: A Trinitarian Christology Of The Cross, Pages 2-3)
McCall is very aware of this "suffering according to His human nature" distinction Brand and others explain because he put it in footnote 78 on page 43 of his book:
Theologians in the tradition of classical theology have insisted that Christ indeed did suffer, and they have also insisted that he suffered according to his human nature . . . .
This is the key to getting the forsakenness of Christ on the cross right as well. Jesus was truly and objectively forsaken by God on that cross and suffered under the curse and wrath of God on that cross according to His human nature. This is the heart of the Gospel! There is no hope without it!
Please Forsake This View Of Psalm 22
McCall argues for a reading of Christ's cry of abandonment from Psalm 22 in which, even though Jesus quoted Psalm 22:1 from the cross and asked why God had forsaken Him, He really meant a part of the Psalm which He did not quote - Psalm 22:24 - which totally contradicts what He said from Psalm 22:1: "For he has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, and he has not hidden his face from him, but has heard, when he cried to him." And so, as McCall and others argue, Jesus wasn't really forsaken because He quoted the first verse of Psalm 22 with the whole Psalm in view. And the Psalm ends with God not hiding His face, therefore Jesus was not truly forsaken on the cross. This is really bad exegesis.
If Jesus did quote Psalm 22:1 with the whole Psalm in view, then God not hiding His face from Him is referring to the resurrection, not what Jesus endured on the cross. Many able commentators show how McCall's reading of Psalm 22 is faulty:
The words are, of course, a quotation of the first verse of Psalm 22, a psalm which moves from despairing appeal to triumphant faith, and the Christian reader can, with hindsight, see the appropriateness of this total message. But it is illegitimate to interpret Jesus' words as referring to the part of the psalm which he did NOT echo. As throughout the crucifixion scene, it is the suffering of the righteous man in Psalm 22, not his subsequent vindication, which is alluded to. (Matthew (Tyndale Commentaries)), R. T. France)
Leon Morris, D. A. Carson, and Craig Blomberg are helpful on this point as well:
Speaking loudly as He did, Jesus evidently meant the words to be heard. There is no great difficulty in translating Jesus’ words (as Matthew did for his non-Hebrew-speaking readers): My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? But understanding what they mean is a much more difficult problem. For some modern readers the words are so shocking and so different from anything Jesus said throughout His ministry that they feel it is impossible to accept them. One way of doing this is to point out that the Psalm that begins in this way goes on to praise God for deliverance as the Psalmist says, "From the horns of the wild oxen you have rescued me . . . in the midst of the congregation I will praise you" (vv. 21-22). The suggestion is made accordingly that in his hour of need Jesus was reciting a psalm that brings comfort and that we are to understand from the words quoted that he went through the whole psalm. To this it may well be retorted that if this was the case almost any other verse in the whole psalm would convey the meaning better than those Jesus actually quotes. But in any case it is perilous to argue from the use of one verse that Jesus was quoting the whole psalm . . . . (The Gospel According to Matthew (Pillar New Testament Commentary)) Leon Morris)
A large number of commentators have interpreted the cry against the background of the whole of Psalm 22, which begins with this sense of desolation but ends with the triumphant vindication of the righteous sufferer. The chief difficulty is that though OT texts are frequently cited with their full contexts in mind, they are never cited in such a way that the OT context effectively annuls what the text itself affirms (Bonnard). If the context of Psalm 22 is carried along with the actual reference to Psalm 22:1, the reader of the gospel is to understand that the vindication comes with the resurrection in Matthew 28, not that Jesus' cry reflects full confidence instead of black despair. (Matthew and Mark (Expositor's Bible Commentary)), D. A. Carson)
Just as Jesus would have learned to pray and sing many of the psalms in his private and corporate devotional life, so also it is natural for him to quote one here in a situation so parallel to that of his kingly ancestor. What is more controversial is the question of whether Jesus, in uttering this cry of dereliction (or Matthew in recording it), was thereby alluding to the entire psalm, following the common rabbinic practice of citing just the beginning of a given text when a larger, entire passage was in view. This would enable one to interpret Jesus' words as anticipating the same victory described in 27:19-31 even as he uttered his cry of abandonment . . . However, neither Jesus nor Matthew seems to have employed this technique elsewhere, and nothing in the immediate context of Matt. 27 suggests it (though of course elsewhere repeatedly predicted his resurrection, which in fact does occur). So it is probably safer not to assume that Jesus' cry abandonment was simultaneously a cry of faith. Jesus really did sense the absence of his Father, and this is precisely the moment when we should expect him, in his humanity, to be least confident of his future . . . Readers of the Gospels who cannot accept this concept probably reflect an unwitting Docetism - the heresy that Christ was not fully human. Indeed, if one wants to do more with Matt. 27:46 than hear a cry of dereliction, one is better off looking to other uses of Ps. 22:27-31 in the Gospels as a sign of God's judgment . . . Throughout church history, Jesus' cry of dereliction has been identified as the moment of divine abandonment. Jesus, who died to atone vicariously for the sins of humanity, recognized at this point in his suffering that he no longer was experiencing the communion with his heavenly Father that had characterized his life . . . Jesus, as the sin-bearing sacrifice, must endure the temporary abandonment of the Father. (Commentary On The New Testament Use Of The Old Testament, On Matthew 27:46, Craig Blomberg)
Iain Duguid is faithful guide to rightly understand Psalm 22. He says:
How could God's only begotten Son be forsaken by the Father? We stand on the threshold of the deepest of mysteries. We cannot say that the eternal fellowship of the Trinity was broken at Calvary - God cannot change. And the blessed communion of the three in one cannot be interrupted for a second. But it remains true that it is God who is forsaken by God here - God in the flesh Who was forsaken. Precisely in the confines of His flesh as a man - that's how Jesus bore this forsakenness . . . God was still His God. He would still cling to God, the very God Who was rejecting Him . . . He was heard and that hearing was vindicated in Jesus' resurrection from the dead. You have to be careful to do justice to both sides of the mystery here as they are contained in this Psalm. Jesus was truly forsaken - He was under the wrath of God in a very objective, very real experience for Him. There was no heavenly dove descending on the cross. There was no light from heaven and voice from the Father: "This is my Son in Whom I love!" on that dark day. There was only darkness. The Father's face truly was turned away from His Son in His humanity. And He suffered the absence of God to the utmost degree . . . Jesus could not see God's love with His eyes . . . . (Abandoned By God)
Jesus was not ultimately forsaken by God because God raised Him from the dead. But Jesus was objectively forsaken by God and under His curse and wrath on that cross so that all who repent and believe in Him shall never be forsaken and shall never face God's curse and wrath! Hallelujah! What a Savior!
McCall's Underwhelming Survey Of Church History On Christ's Forsakenness
Additional Objection: Christ’s human nature, in which He suffered, was finite and thus was not capable of bearing infinite wrath. Consequently His suffering was not sufficient to atone for sin which merits eternal punishment. Answer: We cannot determine to what degree Christ’s human nature was fortified, but it always remained finite. In this nature Christ endured a total being forsaken by, and the full wrath of, the infinite God against whom the elect had sinned. One should note, however, that it was not the human nature which suffered, but the Person according to this nature, and since the Person is infinite, all that He suffered was of infinite efficacy and value. (à Brakel, The Christian's Reasonable Service, 1.592)
And à Brakel also wrote:
Christ did indeed suffer eternal damnation, for eternal damnation, death, & pain consist in total separation from God, in the total manifestation of divine wrath, & all of this for such a duration until the punishment upon sin was perfectly & satisfactorily born." (Wilhelmus à Brakel. The Christian's Reasonable Service, 1.591.)
2. The separation from God; and His wrath. Christ felt in full force the separation from God on account of sin. It is not to be conceived nor expressed what terror, what unrest, what darkness, what dreariness, what a sorrowful state it is, when God in indignation wholly and entirely separates Himself from a sinner, withdraws from him all favor, grace, light; forsakes him, casts him off, and leaves him standing there alone, where a person cannot live without having refreshment in something. To have a soul that cannot satisfy itself, that can do nothing but continually desire to be filled with something from without, and then to have nothing with which it can be filled, and to miss God, who alone is the satisfaction of a rational creature, to stand there hollow and wailing, in the entire separation from God, it is not to be borne nor endured. This shall be the eternal punishment of the ungodly: 2 Thess. 1:9. Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction, from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of His power. This the elect had deserved, this the Lord Jesus bears in their place; this was greater soul-anguish than we can comprehend. (The Christian's Reasonable Service, Volume 1, Pages 791-792)
So then, gaze at the heavenly picture of Christ, who descended into hell [I Pet. 3:19] for your sake and was forsaken by God as one eternally damned when he spoke the words on the cross, 'Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani!' — 'My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?' [Matt. 27:46]. In that picture your hell is defeated and your uncertain election is made sure.
How does the inheritance of heaven belong to us, except in that He was made a curse for our sakes, and He was cursed not only before men, but from the mouth of God His Father?
In the cry of Jesus we are dealing not with a subjective but with an objective God-forsakenness: He did not feel alone but had in fact been forsaken by God. His feeling was not an illusion, not based on a false view of his situation, but corresponded with reality. (Reformed Dogmatics: Sin and Salvation in Christ, Vol. 3, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006, 389)
Herman Witsius was right:
Christ the Surety, in the fullness of time, underwent this same death of the whole man, in soul and body united, while on the cross he was forsaken of God . . . who punished him with affliction and imprisonment, which will be the punishment of the damned, as it was of Christ . . . . (The Economy Of The Covenants, 139-140)
Petrus Van Mastricht was right:
What he suffered; not some light affliction, but the greatest of all evils, the highest affliction of all, death, and not only one kind of death, not only natural death, which we sometimes read is sought and desired by men, because it brings them deliverance from pressing evils, and an entrance into a better life (2 Cor. 5:1-2; Phil. 1:23); but in addition spiritual death, wherein deserted by God, exceeding sorrowful, even to death, he walked in darkness and saw no light (Isa. 50:10) . . . God stopping his ears to all his [Christ's] supplications, turning his face away from him (Theoretical-Practical Theology, Redemption in Christ, Vol. 4, 2023, pages 430, 436).
Martyn Lloyd-Jones was right:
[God] has made His Son the sacrifice; it is a substitutionary offering for your sins and mine. That was why He was there in the Garden sweating drops of blood, because He knew what it involved – it involved a separation from the face of the father. And that is why He cried out on the Cross, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Commentary on Romans 8:32).
Everyone else had forsaken Him, His disciples had fled and had left Him, but now He cries, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” The one who utters that cry is “the beloved,” the one who had basked in the sunshine of the eternal love from eternity, without intermission. He reaches a point wherein even He has lost sight of the face and the smile of His Father. And He experienced that for you, for me." (In The Beloved)
John Murray was right:
It is only because Jesus was the Son, loved immutably as such and loved increasingly in His messianic capacity as He progressively fulfilled the demands of the Father's commission, that He could bear the full stroke of judicial wrath. This is inscribed on the most mysterious utterance that ever ascended from earth to heaven, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (Ps. 22:1; Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34). God in our nature forsaken of God! Here is the wonder of the Father's love and of the Son's love, too. Eternity will not scale its heights or fathom its depths. (The Atonement)
R. C. Sproul was right:
His cry was not, as Albert Schweitzer opined, the cry of a disillusioned prophet who had believed that God was going to rescue him at the eleventh hour & then felt forsaken. He didn’t just feel forsaken; he was forsaken. For Jesus to become the curse, he had to be completely forsaken by the Father. (Far As The Curse Is Found and The Curse Motif of the Atonement)
When Jesus took the curse on Himself and so identified with our sin that He became a curse, God cut Him off, and justly so. At the moment when Christ took on Himself the sin of the world, His figure on the cross was the most grotesque, most obscene mass of concentrated sin in the history of the world. God is too holy to look on iniquity, so when Christ hung on the cross, the Father, as it were, turned His back. He averted His face and He cut off His Son. Jesus, Who, touching His human nature, had been in perfect, blessed relationship with God throughout His ministry, now bore the sin of God’s people, and so He was forsaken by God. (The Truth Of The Cross)
Joel Beeke is right:
Outside an emergency room in a California hospital is a drop-off box for unwanted babies. The thought of abandoning one’s baby like dropping mail in a mailbox makes us shudder. Yet, when believers feel forsaken, it is like that: a feeling that does not correspond with reality. They lose the sense of God’s presence, but not this presence itself. With Christ this loss was both feeling and fact. He felt forsaken because He was forsaken. He endured the essence of abandonment . . . . (Christ Forsaken!)
Robert Letham (who sort of understands the Trinity) is right:
To fathom the depths of what Christ endured we would need to spend eternity in hell. He was rejected by humankind, abandoned by God, subject to the full curse of the law and more besides . . . He endured the holy judgment of God against the unrighteous. He was made sin. He experienced the fearsome fate of falling into the hands of the living God, who is a consuming fire. He took our place as the guilty, the accursed, the covenant breaker. He was abandoned. He cried, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (The Work Of Christ, Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1993, 133 & 142-143)
Ligon Duncan is right:
The suffering of David and the people of Israel - rejection, curse, and judgment - were ultimately and consummately experienced by David's greater son, the servant of the Israel, the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus experienced Psalm 89:38-45. And by that suffering Jesus restored the throne of David and saved the people of God . . . Psalm 89 gives us hope ultimately because it points us to the one who endured a suffering far beyond anything we will ever know. He was mocked and shamed and forsaken of God, so that we might be God's precious inheritance into eternity.
John Piper is right:
First, this was a real forsakenness. That is why. “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” means he really did. He really did. He is bearing our sin. He bore our judgment. The judgment was to have God the Father pour out his wrath, and instead of pouring it out on us, he pours it out on him. That necessarily involves a kind of abandonment. That is what wrath means. He gave him up to suffer the weight of all the sins of all of his people and the judgment for those sins. We cannot begin to fathom all that this would mean between the Father and the Son. To be forsaken by God is the cry of the damned, and he was damned for us. So he used these words because there was a real forsakenness.
1. A Concern About The Way Pastor Kevin DeYoung Writes About The Cross In His New Daily Doctrine Book
2. The Bible Says The Father Turned His Face Away From Jesus On The Cross
4. More Thoughts On Being God-Forsaken









